The Information Portal

Information Portal n. phr.

A curated hub of legal analysis, practical guides, and timely updates from Grigoras Law—written for clients, professionals, and the public.

Grigoras Law’s Information Portal gathers plain-language explainers, case commentaries, and practice notes across
civil litigation, commercial litigation, business law, appeals, and select cross-border topics (including international
and Nevada matters). We focus on practical takeaways, Ontario procedure, and timely developments—so you can move
from reading to action with confidence.

THE INFORMATION PORTAL

This section of our website features a variety of legal musings, including blog posts, video blogs, comments, articles, and general posts.
Warning: No matter how much care we’ve taken to ensure the information here is complete at the time it was posted, the information may not be comprehensive or current and is provided for general information purposes only and should not be relied upon for legal advice.  You should consult a qualified lawyer on any specific legal question or matter.  Grigoras Law is not responsible and all liability is excluded for any damage or loss due to any reliance upon the information here. Use of the information on this page is at your own risk.
Commercial Litigation

Urgent Commercial Remedies

Urgent Commercial Remedies in Ontario: Protecting Rights Before It’s Too Late Commercial disputes can escalate quickly, especially where there is a risk that vital evidence

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Blog

Offers to Settle in Ontario Litigation

Rule 49 offers to settle are a cornerstone of civil litigation in Ontario. They reflect a deliberate policy choice to encourage settlement and reduce the burden of trials. By attaching significant costs consequences to the rejection of reasonable offers, the rule compels litigants to weigh the risks of trial carefully.

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Blog

Cross-Examination at Trial

Cross-examination is widely regarded as one of the most powerful tools in the trial process. It is not only a feature of the adversarial system but a defining characteristic that sets it apart from other legal traditions. Through cross-examination, the evidence of witnesses is tested for accuracy, reliability, and truthfulness. Where examination-in-chief allows a party to present its own case in an orderly fashion, cross-examination permits opposing counsel to probe, challenge, and, where appropriate, dismantle that account.

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Civil Litigation

When Does the Limitation Period Start for a Defamation Claim Stemming from False Police Reports?

The ruling in Kulyk v. Guastella reminds us of the importance of timely dealing with civil defamation claims, regardless of concurrent criminal proceedings. Justice Myers’ decision, grounded in the interpretation of the Limitations Act, emphasizes an objective standard for initiating defamation claims. Potential plaintiffs must therefore remain vigilant and proactive in protecting their legal rights against defamatory accusations, even amidst criminal proceedings.

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Civil Litigation

10 Things to Know About Passing Off and Unfair Competition in Canada

Businesses of every size invest substantial time and money into developing their brand, trade names, and goodwill. Whether it’s a distinctive logo, a well-recognized label, a slogan that resonates with customers, or even a unique style of packaging, these assets help a business establish its identity and build a loyal consumer base. When others attempt to imitate or capitalize on this reputation—confusing the public in the process—the law of passing off and unfair competition in Canada comes into play.

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Worried shareholder analyzing stock prices on online market from business office
Commercial Litigation

Shareholder Rights in Ontario: An Overview

Shareholder rights in Ontario rest on a framework that includes corporate statutes like the OBCA and CBCA, the corporation’s own governing documents, and common law principles developed through years of judicial precedent. These rights ensure that individuals who invest in a company have some means of monitoring its activities, participating in major decisions, and seeking redress if those at the helm engage in improper or unfair conduct.

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Civil Litigation

Pleadings in Ontario Civil Litigation: A Comprehensive Overview

Pleadings are the bedrock of any civil litigation case in Ontario. Understanding what they are, how they function, and why they matter is crucial for anyone involved in a lawsuit—whether you are a plaintiff seeking compensation or a defendant trying to minimize liability. The Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure (particularly Rules 25 to 29) lay out precise requirements for drafting, serving, and amending pleadings, as well as for bringing additional parties or claims into the fold.

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falling confetti near colorful gifts on orange
Blog

Gifts in Canadian Law: Understanding Key Principles and Answering Common Questions

Transferring property from one person to another without expecting anything in return is a familiar concept—yet the legal treatment of gifts in Canada can be surprisingly intricate. Courts and statutes have developed specific rules about what qualifies as a gift, how gifts are perfected, whether certain gifts are revocable or conditional, and how disputes can be resolved

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These women know how to efficiently manage their workday
Civil Litigation

Shareholder Oppression: How Canadian Law Protects Minority Interests and Ensures Fair Corporate Conduct

Majority rule is a cornerstone of corporate governance. Shareholders typically vote their shares to elect directors, ratify major transactions, and guide the strategic direction of the company. Yet majority power must not be exercised at the expense of those holding fewer shares. Canadian law—through what is commonly known as the oppression remedy—prohibits actions that unjustly marginalize or harm minority shareholders.

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Businessman using fingerprint identification to access and protecting personal information data
Business Law

Protecting Personal Information in the Private Sector: A Detailed Overview of Your Rights and Organizational Responsibilities

Private-sector privacy laws in Canada underscore the notion that personal information belongs, first and foremost, to the individual. Organizations are entrusted with that data only for legitimate, specified purposes, with meaningful consent. From the right to access and correct data, to rules on collecting, using, disclosing, and safeguarding information, these laws aim to ensure that businesses remain accountable while individuals retain control over their digital identities.

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Contractor reading report on tablet
Business Law

Services Contracts: Key Points and Practical Tips

A services contract sets the ground rules for one party’s performance of services for another. Whether you’re hiring a web developer, an engineering consultant, a marketing agency, or a company to provide specialized equipment maintenance, a written agreement helps ensure both sides understand their obligations.

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Hundred Dollar Bills Hanging From Clothesline on Dark Background
Business Law

Canadian Money Laundering Laws: Key Aspects and Compliance Essentials

Money laundering isn’t just the stuff of thrillers or high-stakes financial crime dramas; it is a profound global issue that poses a real threat to the integrity of financial systems, public safety, and economic stability. In Canada, a robust set of statutes, regulations, and reporting obligations aims to thwart these illegal practices, penalize offenders, and ensure that legitimate businesses avoid inadvertently facilitating criminal activity.

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Civil Litigation

What is Defamation in Ontario?

Defamation in Ontario refers to statements that diminish a person’s reputation in the eyes of reasonable individuals. To establish defamation, three elements must be proven: the statement was defamatory, referred to the plaintiff, and was published to at least one other person. Defamatory statements often allege misconduct, dishonesty, or incompetence, but context plays a critical role. Not all criticisms qualify as defamation—trivial insults or hyperbolic remarks typically do not meet the legal threshold.

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Judge's gavel. Symbol for jurisdiction. Law concept a wooden judges gavel on table in a courtroom
Civil Litigation

Enforcing a Foreign Judgment in Ontario: An In-Depth Guide for Foreign Creditors and Ontario Debtors

Enforcing a foreign judgment in Ontario involves navigating a unique legal landscape that respects international judgments while safeguarding local standards. Ontario courts generally uphold foreign decisions, allowing creditors to seek enforcement through streamlined processes. However, local debtors may raise defences, such as jurisdictional challenges or public policy conflicts. Whether you’re enforcing a judgment or resisting one, Grigoras Law provides the expertise needed to guide you through this complex process.

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lawyer or attorney dressed in robe gown uniform sitting at table with gavel hammer.
Appeals

Divisional Court Appeals

The Ontario Divisional Court, a branch of the Superior Court of Justice, has a specialized role in Ontario’s legal system. It primarily hears appeals from administrative tribunals, civil cases, and handles judicial reviews of government actions.

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Confidential information and privacy
Blog

Personal Information Protection in Canada: A Privacy Lawyer’s Guide to Safeguarding Your Data in the Private Sector

In today’s data-driven world, protecting personal information in the private sector is critical. This blog delves into the legal framework governing privacy in Canada, focusing on how businesses must handle personal data responsibly. With insights from Toronto privacy lawyers, we explore your rights to access and correct information, the importance of consent in data collection, and the legal recourse available in cases of privacy breaches. Whether you’re a business looking to enhance your data protection practices or an individual seeking to safeguard your privacy, this guide provides the essential knowledge you need.

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toronto real estate development lawyers
Business Law

Navigating the Ten Steps of Real Estate Development

Real estate development is a multifaceted venture that requires navigating a complex legal landscape. From the initial concept to the final construction and sale, developers must address numerous legal considerations to ensure their projects are successful and compliant with applicable laws.

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Serious Guy In Library
Civil Litigation

Aggravated Damages in Defamation Claims: When are They Awarded?

In Ontario, defamation claims can involve various types of damages, with aggravated damages being one of the critical compensatory mechanisms. Aggravated damages are awarded to provide additional compensation when the defendant’s conduct has caused further harm to the plaintiff beyond the initial defamation.

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Global strategy
Blog

Internet Defamation: Jurisdiction and Where to Sue

In the digital age, the dynamics of defamation have evolved significantly, particularly with the rise of the Internet and social media platforms. The traditional principles of defamation law, which were primarily localized, now face new challenges in determining where a defamatory statement published online has caused harm and where legal action should be pursued.

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Blog

Consenting to Defamation

Consent can be a powerful defence in defamation cases. If someone agrees to a defamatory statement, they can’t later claim defamation. This can be explicit, like signing a contract, or implied through actions, such as repeating a defamatory remark publicly. Understanding this legal concept can help you navigate situations where consent might impact your rights.

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Toronto city skyline at night, Ontario, Canada
Civil Litigation

Choosing the Right Commercial Litigation Toronto

Discover the key factors to consider when choosing Commercial Litigation Toronto services. Grigoras Law offers expertise in diverse legal challenges, prioritizing client needs and business impacts. With proactive strategies, skilled negotiation, and cutting-edge technology, they ensure favorable outcomes while safeguarding client interests. Trust their client-centric approach for effective resolution.

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Group of Asian Business People in Business District Talking about New Business
Business Formation and Structuring

How Business Sale Lawyers Facilitate Smooth Transitions

Discover the critical role of business sale lawyers in navigating the intricate legal landscape of selling a business. Grigoras Law excels in providing expert guidance, conducting thorough due diligence, negotiating contracts, and mitigating risks. With a client-centric approach and comprehensive legal services, we champion your business interests for a seamless transition.

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Conceptual of solving problems
Appeals

How Appeal Lawyer Toronto Can Help You Win

Facing a challenging verdict in Toronto? Grigoras Law offers unmatched expertise in appellate litigation. Our expert Appeal Lawyers meticulously dissect trial records, crafting compelling arguments to navigate the complexities of higher courts. With comprehensive support and a strategic approach, we ensure every client receives the best chance for success.

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Group of coworkers discussing sale strategy in conference room
Business Formation and Structuring

3 Benefits of Hiring a Business Sale Lawyer

Streamline your business sale with Grigoras Law. Our specialized Sale Lawyers provide expert guidance, navigating complex transactions with precision. We mitigate legal risks, ensuring your interests are protected at every turn. From negotiation to dispute resolution, trust us to achieve the best outcome for your business sale journey.

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Group of lawyers discussing contract together in office
Civil Litigation

Your Path to Legal Victory: Expert Lawsuit Lawyers Toronto, ON

Grigoras Law, a beacon in Toronto’s legal landscape, offers unmatched expertise in lawsuits. Their client-centric approach prioritizes individual needs, ensuring tailored legal strategies and comprehensive support. With a commitment to excellence and unwavering dedication, they deliver exceptional results, building enduring relationships based on trust and respect. Choose Grigoras Law for unparalleled legal counsel.

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The AGM - Shareholders. A group of businesspeople sitting in a meeting.
Business Formation and Structuring

Why Toronto Shareholder Agreement Lawyers Matter

Grigoras Law emphasizes the vital role Toronto Shareholder Agreement Lawyers play in safeguarding business interests. Their tailored solutions ensure clarity, fairness, and legal compliance, navigating complex landscapes and providing expert representation in disputes. With a client-centric approach, they become partners in business success, offering robust frameworks for thriving in competitive markets.

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Businesswoman presenting report at business training
Business Formation and Structuring

How Does a Business Sale Lawyer Guide You to Success?

Grigoras Law offers specialized Business Sale Lawyers to streamline the sale of your business, ensuring legal compliance and maximizing profitability. Our approach focuses on early engagement, due diligence, skilled negotiation, and addressing legal intricacies to protect your interests. With a client-centric philosophy and a comprehensive legal expertise, we provide tailored, cost-effective legal solutions designed for your success. Our commitment is to deliver value and support through every step of your business transaction.

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American women are litigation attorneys, female attorneys work in law firms drafting contracts and t
Civil Litigation

How Commercial Litigation Lawyers Can Protect Your Business

Grigoras Law emphasizes the importance of having skilled Litigation Lawyers to protect business interests, offering expertise in dispute resolution, financial risk mitigation, and reputation protection, with a client-centric approach in Toronto’s competitive market.

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toronto sign nathan phillips square
Business Formation and Structuring

How a Business Lawyer Toronto Can Help Your Company Thrive

Grigoras Law highlights the importance of a Business Lawyer in Toronto for company growth, emphasizing legal compliance, contract management, business formation, intellectual property protection, and dispute resolution. They offer personalized, cost-effective legal services for small businesses, ensuring comprehensive support for navigating legal complexities and achieving business success.

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Toronto City at Night , Canada
Business Formation and Structuring

The Role of a Small Business Lawyer Toronto

Grigoras Law champions small businesses with tailored legal services, emphasizing compliance, contract management, business formation, IP protection, and dispute resolution, offering cost-effective solutions and comprehensive support for business growth and success.

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courthouse, justice concept
Civil Litigation

The Best Appeal Lawyer near me: Your Search ends here!

Grigoras Law offers expert appeal lawyer services, emphasizing a client-centric approach, transparent communication, and comprehensive legal expertise. Specializing in appellate processes and offering multifaceted legal solutions, they ensure personalized and effective representation for challenging court decisions.

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The businessman standing near the big screen in the dark room
Business Law

Maximizing Value: Tips from a Business Sale Lawyer Toronto

Maximizing business sale value involves early legal engagement, comprehensive due diligence, professional valuation, skilled negotiation, and ensuring legal compliance, as detailed by Grigoras Law, emphasizing personalized, cost-effective legal guidance.

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Business meeting
Civil Litigation

Role of Civil Lawyer Toronto: From Dispute to Resolution

In Toronto, civil lawyers serve as guardians of justice, guiding clients through legal complexities, and resolving diverse disputes, including personal injury and contract issues, advocating for fairness and clients’ interests through negotiation and litigation.

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Professional Lawyer Posing in Boardroom While Working with Documents
Civil Litigation

When is The Best Time To Hire Civil Lawyer Near Me?

Deciding to hire a civil lawyer is crucial when facing legal challenges. Grigoras Law emphasizes the importance of experience, communication, reputation, availability, and strategic planning in choosing a lawyer. They offer expert legal assistance for lawsuits, negotiations, and protecting rights.

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Modern skyscrapers in the Financial District of downtown Toronto - Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Civil Litigation

How to Choose the Right Toronto Civil Lawyer?

Grigoras Law offers guidance in navigating Canadian civil litigation’s complexities, emphasizing the importance of selecting specialized Toronto civil lawyers for successful legal outcomes. It outlines steps for understanding your case, evaluating lawyer expertise and compatibility, and provides tips for choosing the right legal representation, stressing experience, budget, and personal fit.

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Toronto city skyline, Ontario, Canada
Civil Litigation

Is Civil Litigation Toronto Right for You?

Civil litigation in Toronto encompasses legal disputes outside criminal charges, including personal injury, property, and intellectual property conflicts, offering pathways to justice through compensation or settlements, guided by experienced litigators.

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Tram streetcar in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Civil Litigation

Who Can Benefit from Defamation Lawyer Toronto?

Defamation involves spreading false statements that harm reputations, affecting individuals and businesses. Toronto defamation lawyers offer legal guidance, strategic representation, and reputation management to combat these damaging claims and protect clients’ reputations.

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Portrait, lawyer and arms folded with smile man in office for legal advice at law firm. Attorney,
Civil Litigation

Insider Tips to Identify the Right Defamation Lawyer Near Me

An outline covering the importance of hiring a skilled defamation lawyer, focusing on traits like expertise, success records, communication, strategic thinking, and client-centered approaches. Grigoras Law offers guidance in selecting top defamation lawyers in Toronto for effective case resolution.

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Toronto downtown view from CN tower
Civil Litigation

Difference Between Civil & Commercial Litigation GTA

Understanding the differences between civil and commercial litigation in Toronto is crucial for navigating legal disputes effectively. This text highlights the distinctions, procedures, and importance of choosing specialized lawyers for individuals and businesses, emphasizing Grigoras Law’s expertise in achieving favorable outcomes.

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Men customer rate service experiences on online applications.Customer reviews concept.
Civil Litigation

Can You Sue Google for a Defamatory Google Review?

For now, Thorpe v. Boakye serves as a pivotal case in understanding the evolving legal landscape around digital platform liability. It highlights a significant divergence between Canadian and U.S. legal systems in handling online defamation. Canadian courts appear more open to considering platforms like Google as publishers and thus potentially liable, whereas U.S. law, under the CDA, leans heavily towards protecting these platforms from such liabilities.

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You think big you get big
Civil Litigation

Ontario Shareholder Remedies Explained

In the intricate world of corporate law, shareholders possess a slew of rights. When these rights are jeopardized, or when the corporation’s actions seem unjust or prejudicial, shareholders can turn to specific remedies enshrined in the law.

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Business man signing a contract in big office
Business Formation and Structuring

What Business Structure Should I Use in Ontario?

Starting a business is a thrilling adventure, akin to setting out on an uncharted path. Every decision made at the outset lays the foundation for future success. One such pivotal decision is selecting the right business structure. This isn’t just a bureaucratic step; it shapes the very essence of your business, influencing liability, tax implications, operational processes, and more.

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Businessperson hand holding pen signature document
Business Law

Assignment vs. Sublease in Commercial Tenancies

Navigating the complex landscape of commercial tenancies becomes even more intricate when terms like “assignment” and “sublease” emerge. While these terms may sometimes be used interchangeably by those less acquainted with property jargon, they embody distinct concepts with specific legal implications. Grasping the differences between them is vital for both tenants and landlords to facilitate seamless transitions and evade potential pitfalls.

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sad girl in striped t-shirt covering mouth with hand while using laptop at home
Civil Litigation

Defamation in the Age of Online Trolls

The freedom of the internet allows for uninhibited self-expression. While many embrace this freedom to share positive stories, ideas, and feedback, others exploit it to spread malicious rumors or make derogatory comments without facing immediate consequences. The cloak of anonymity can embolden such individuals, making the internet a potential hotbed for defamation.

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Money bag in a hand
Blog

Sase Aggregate: Court of Appeal’s Take on Stolen Funds

In the constantly evolving realm of legal jurisprudence, the case of Sase Aggregate Ltd. v. Langdon offers intriguing insights into the principles of knowing receipt, knowing assistance, and unjust enrichment. This article dives into why Sase Aggregate Ltd., the appellant, was unsuccessful in both its initial application to the lower court and its subsequent appeal to the Court of Appeal for Ontario.

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Standing by the table near big windows. Group of professional business people is in the office
Blog

Selling Your Business: The Importance of Proper Valuation

For many business owners, the question “How much is my business actually worth?” weighs heavy on their minds. This is particularly true if you’re considering selling your business. The value of your business significantly influences the returns you receive from its sale. This factor not only affects your negotiation strategies but also has potential implications for your future financial well-being. The process of determining this value is known as business valuation, and it’s an intricate, multilayered exercise that requires expert knowledge.

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Gossip
Blog

Defamation Law Explained: How the Parties’ Conduct Impacts Ontario Cases

When the invisible line of respect between individuals in society is crossed through defamatory comments, the law provides a remedy through defamation lawsuits. However, these cases are not black-and-white. Their outcomes can be influenced by the actions and behaviour of involved parties – both before and after the publication of the defamation. In Ontario, this scrutiny of conduct plays a pivotal role in shaping legal outcomes.

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Two girls gossiping
Blog

How Defamation Damages Work in Ontario: A Detailed Look

Understanding defamation law, especially when considering the potential damages, is no small feat. The nuances and complexities can be overwhelming, yet having a clear comprehension of what the damages entail is invaluable for plaintiffs and defendants alike. In Ontario, defamation law encompasses three key types of damages: Aggravated, Special, and Punitive Damages.

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Redhead female lawyer looking at paper sheet, while sitting at workplace with blurred themis
Blog

SLAPPing Back: An Insight into Ontario’s Protection of Public Participation Act

There is an ever-present tension between the right to freedom of speech and the need to protect individuals and corporations from defamation. In Ontario, Canada, the Protection of Public Participation Act 2015 (Ontario PPPA) aims to tip the balance towards the former, providing a robust defence for those who choose to express their views on matters of public interest.

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East Block in Canada's Parliament Hill on a beautiful afternoon
Civil Litigation

Between Privilege and Liability: Ontario’s Lawmakers in the Balance

When we talk about “parliamentary privilege,” we refer to a set of rights and protections that enable lawmakers at the federal and provincial levels in Canada to perform their duties without fear of being legally liable. These privileges safeguard the democratic principles Canada is built upon, ensuring each branch of government respects the others’ roles.

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Blog

Shedding Light on the False Light Tort

In 2019, Ontario recognized “publicity which places an individual in a false light” – the “false light tort” – as a part of the common law. Despite its relatively straightforward definition, the false light tort remains puzzling due to its ambiguous parameters, unique elements, and potential utility.

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time
Blog

Extra Points: The Game of Canadian Taxation for Athletes

How does Canadian tax law impact professional athletes? To understand this, we need to think about multiple scenarios, and consider the athlete’s residency, their affiliations with Canadian or foreign-based teams, and the ever-changing political landscape surrounding the taxation of sports franchises in Canada.

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Airline Liability

When Bags Fly: Airline Baggage and Cargo Liability

When your cargo or luggage gets damaged or lost during international air transport, you might think that the airline will compensate you for your losses. However, the legal landscape surrounding airline liability for international cargo and baggage is complex. It’s governed by international conventions like the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention, which establish specific rules and liability limits for airlines.

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Company CEO
Blog

The Business Judgment Rule: A Director’s Guide to Risky Business

The business judgment rule has its roots firmly planted in the need to facilitate an environment of innovation and growth in business. Recognizing that running a business often involves taking risks, this rule has been developed to shield directors and officers who are willing to take calculated chances to propel a corporation forward.

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Blog

Civil Fraud: The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing

Civil fraud, also known as deceit, is a serious economic tort or civil wrong that involves a deliberate deception through false representation. It requires four elements: a false representation by the defendant, their knowledge (or recklessness) of the falsehood, the plaintiff’s action influenced by this representation, and a loss suffered by the plaintiff as a result.

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Hoover Dam and Colorado river in Nevada, USA
Blog

Silver State Justice: A Closer Look at Nevada’s Court System

The judicial system in Nevada plays a critical role in upholding the rule of law and ensuring the fair administration of justice. The courts covered include Municipal Courts, Justice Courts, Small Claims Court, District Courts, Family Courts, and Appellate Courts, comprising the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals.

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Handsome businessman ceo working in office
Blog

Insider Intel: Navigating the Gray Areas of Insider Trading

An “insider” is broadly defined, including the corporation, directors, officers, major shareholders, employees, and professionals like lawyers or accountants. Liability extends to those receiving confidential information from insiders (tippees). Insiders cannot tip others for trading advantages. If an insider tips an unrelated person, they are liable for damages and accountable to the corporation for benefits received.

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Engineer in artificial intelligence workplace managing call center tasks
Blog

Will ChatGPT Replace Lawyers?

In recent months, the rise of advanced artificial intelligence and natural language processing technologies, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has sparked a debate about their potential impact on various industries, including the legal profession. The million-dollar question inevitably arises: Will LLMs replace lawyers (and perhaps judges also), or at the very least, lead to a massive paradigm shift in law practice?

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Woman’s hand writing a card that says I’m sorry apologizing
Blog

Sorry, Not Sorry: Apologies & Retractions in Defamation Law

In defamation cases, an apology may play a crucial role in the assessment of damages. However, it is important to note that courts lack the jurisdiction to order defendants to apologize. The existence of an apology, the sincerity of the defendant, and the extent of the publicity given to the apology are factors that courts consider when determining damages.

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African American detective pointing at evidence board investigating case
Blog

Tracing Commingled Funds: Unraveling the LIBR Mystery

The Lowest Intermediate Balance Rule (“LIBR“) is an essential concept in the legal world, particularly in cases involving the tracing of funds. It is an evidential rule that assumes that when a person commingles their own funds with funds belonging to someone else, they are assumed to have spent their own funds first.

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Blog

The Ins and Outs of Parenting Time: What You Need to Know

Parenting time and decision-making responsibility are two different things in family law. This blog post will focus on parenting time, a term that has replaced the meaning of what was previously called “access” in the Divorce Act and most provincial statutes.

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Fake debt notification. Confused angry irritated focused curly lady talk with frauds in call quarrel
Blog

Unconscientious, Unconscionable, Unfair: Equitable Fraud

Traditionally, fraud has been understood as involving deceit or intentional misrepresentation. However, the courts have expanded the concept to encompass equitable or constructive fraud, which includes various forms of unfair dealing and unconscionable conduct in contractual matters.

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Manager with tablet, sitting on stairs, London, City Hall
Blog

Suing a City: Abuse of Power Lawsuits

Yes, believe it or not, you can sue a city. Municipal corporations, which include cities, are no longer immune to liability as they were in the past. They can be held accountable for various wrongdoings, such as tortious acts, breaches of contract, and neglecting statutory duties.

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water leak home property damage repair
Blog

Rylands v. Fletcher: Property Damage Claims

Rylands v. Fletcher is a landmark case in English tort law that established the principle of strict liability for certain harmful activities. The rule states that a person who uses their land for non-natural purposes and accumulates a potentially dangerous substance on their property may be held strictly liable if that substance escapes and causes damage to another’s property.

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Blog

The Fine Print: Notice Requirements in Ontario Defamation Law

In Ontario, special notice requirements apply to defamation cases involving libel in a newspaper printed and published in the province or a broadcast from a station within Ontario. Plaintiffs must provide written notice to the defendant within six weeks after becoming aware of the alleged libel.

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It will take some time to unpack
Blog

The Battle for Chattel: Understanding the Tort of Conversion

The tort of conversion primarily deals with the unlawful interference of another person’s movable personal property, known as chattels. In contrast to trespass to goods, conversion demands more than just a simple invasion of the plaintiff’s possessory rights; it necessitates an interference that denies the plaintiff’s title.

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Passport with Airplane for Travelling Concept
Blog

The Principal Residence Exemption

The term “principal residence” refers to a taxpayer’s primary dwelling or housing unit for a specific tax year. The taxpayer, their spouse, common-law partner, former spouse, or child must ordinarily inhabit the residence. A personal trust can also claim a principal residence if it is regularly occupied by a specified beneficiary or their immediate family.

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Blog

From Threats to Torts: The Law on Intimidation

The tort of intimidation, a relatively less explored area of common law, has been recognized and established through a series of judicial decisions. The House of Lords in Rookes v. Barnard (“Rookes“) formally acknowledged the existence of this tort, which has since been accepted as part of the common law in Canada.

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Makeup Cosmetics
Blog

Starting a Cosmetics Business: For Entrepreneurs

The Canadian cosmetics industry generates billions of dollars. In 2021, the cosmetics market in Canada generated approximately USD 1.24 billion in revenue, and industry revenue is expected to grow by 1.45% annually to reach USD 1.8 billion by 2024.

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Happy young couple
Blog

Domestic Contracts: Essential Knowledge for Ontario Couples

Ontario’s Family Law Act (“FLA”) contains provisions under Part IV that regulate domestic contracts, including cohabitation agreements, marriage contracts, and separation agreements. These agreements primarily focus on legally enforceable matters, such as property division, spousal support, and children’s education.

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Businessman separates wooden block. Concept of wealth equality. Division of property. Divorce and le
Family Law

Understanding Spousal Support: Key Elements

In family law, spousal support is central to helping spouses who have become financially disadvantaged due to the breakdown of a marriage or common-law relationship. This post examines the legal principles and case law surrounding spousal support, discussing child support priority, general principles, and various factors that influence support amounts and duration.

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Business people sharing their ideas
Blog

From Issuance to Transfer: The Life Cycle of Share Capital

Share capital plays a crucial role in the world of corporations, serving as a primary means of ownership and property rights. In Canada, share capital is regulated by the Canada Business Corporations Act (“CBCA”), which serves as a model for most Canadian jurisdictions.

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Blog

The Tax Maze: How Shareholder Loans Impact Your Taxes

According to Section 15(2) of the Income Tax Act, a shareholder (or a person or partnership connected to the shareholder) may be deemed to have received a taxable benefit equal to the amount of a loan or debt made by a corporation. This taxable benefit is included in the shareholder’s income for the tax year in which the loan or debt arose.

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Online analysis
Blog

Is Internet Communication a Broadcast in Defamation?

Over time, Canadian provincial legislation regulating defamation has been updated to incorporate modern communication methods. However, since most of this legislation does not explicitly address the Internet, judges are often required to draw parallels between Internet communications and traditional media forms, such as newspapers and broadcasts, that are covered by the legislation.

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Businesswoman on counter in office
Blog

The Entrepreneur’s Roadmap to Incorporating in Ontario

Incorporating a company in Ontario has become more streamlined and accessible thanks to the introduction of the Ontario Business Registry on October 19, 2021. This guide will provide a detailed overview of the incorporation process, from preparing and submitting the required documentation to understanding the fees and legal obligations involved.

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Man write in application form
Blog

Waive Goodbye to Liability: Power and Limits of Liability Waivers

Liability waivers are legal agreements that can limit or exclude the duty of care owed by an occupier in certain circumstances. Although waivers can be effective tools for businesses to minimize their legal exposure, courts carefully scrutinize these agreements to ensure they are fair and reasonable.

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Worried businessman sitting in office
Blog

I Was Sued, Now What? (A Step-by-Step Guide)

Litigation is a complex process that requires careful attention to detail and a thorough understanding of the rules and procedures that govern the legal system. In this blog post, we explore the various stages of a lawsuit in Ontario, from the initial pleadings to the final trial.

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