THE INFORMATION PORTAL

In Canada, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (the “PIPEDA”) is a federal law regulating the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by private organizations during commercial activities. The PIPEDA is key legislation that aims to safeguard the privacy of individuals by setting out clear rules for the management of personal information by private organizations.

Constructive trusts are a legal remedy used to address unjust enrichment. This remedy is imposed on property owned by a party who has gained an unfair benefit at the expense of another party. In cases where the court finds that one party has been unjustly enriched, a constructive trust may be imposed to remedy the situation.

Promissory estoppel is a legal doctrine that may be used to prevent a party from reneging on a promise or representation they have made. It is a principle of equity that can be invoked to prevent a party from relying on their strict legal rights where it would be unfair or unjust to do so. Although originally developed by the common law, it has been modified over time by equitable principles.

Amending the articles of a corporation is a common type of fundamental change to the constitution of a corporation. Active businesses often experience a fundamental change during their lifespan. In Ontario, the Ontario Business Corporations Act (OBCA) allows for almost any change to the corporation’s constitution.

The gambling industry is a prime target for those seeking to launder illegal funds. This includes physical casinos, online casinos, bars with poker machines, and both physical and online sports betting services. The global gambling industry generated record-breaking revenues in 2021, reaching $261 billion (USD) in the US and €87.2 billion (EUR) in Europe, making it an attractive option for criminals seeking to launder money. Relative to population size, Canada’s gambling industry made a proportional $2.64 billion (CAD) in revenue in 2021.

An affidavit is a document used in legal proceedings that comprises a witness’s statement of facts or opinion. The witness attests to the document, and the affidavit is taken by an authorized individual. This individual, known as the commissioner, confirms the witness’s identity and delivers the oath or affirmation that the document’s contents are accurate. The witness, not the commissioner, is responsible for determining the statement’s truth.